AGRICULTURE
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WHAT IS THE AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY?
Agriculture is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago.
Shifting Cultivation
Shifting cultivation is an agricultural system in which plot of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned while post-disturbance fallow vegetation is allowed to freely grow while the cultivator moves on to another plot.
Pastoral Farming
Intensive farms generally take up a fairly small area of land, but aim to have a very high output, through massive inputs of capital and labour. These farms use machines and new technologies to become as efficient and cost-effective as possible, an example being the Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation.
Subsistence Cultivation
In intensive subsistence agriculture, the farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more labour.
Farmers use their small land holdings to produce enough for their local consumption, while remaining produce is used for exchange against other goods.
Commercial Cultivation
It is characterized by a low fallow ratio, higher use of inputs such as capital and labour, and higher crop yields per unit land area. Most commercial agriculture is intensive in one or more ways.
Techniques include planting multiple crops per year, reducing the frequency of fallow years, and improving cultivars.
